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Creating and manipulating spin polarization in low-dimensional electronsystems (such as two-dimensional electron gases) is fundamentally essential forspintronic applications, which is yet a challenge to date. In this work, weestablish the metamagnetic phase diagram of 4$f$ antiferromagnetic TbScO$_3$and reveal its giant magnetic response to sub-tesla magnetic field, which hasnot been reported thus far. Utilizing this giant magnetic response, wedemonstrate that the spin polarization of two-dimensional electron gas inSrTiO$_3$/LaTiO$_3$/TbScO$_3$ heterostructure can be manipulated successfullyin aid of interfacial 3\textit{d}-4\textit{f} exchange interaction. Remarkably,the hysteretic magnetoresistances of two-dimensional electron gas at theSrTiO$_3$/LaTiO$_3$ interface are entirely determined by the metamagnetic phasetransitions of the underlying TbScO$_3$ substrate. Our results pave a novelroute to engineer the spin polarization of low-dimensional electron systems in4$f$ antiferromagnet-based heterostructures.

Creating and manipulating interfacial spin with giant magnetic response in 4$f$ antiferromagnets