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Electromagnetic sources relying on spontaneous emission are difficult tocharacterize without a proper framework due to the partial spatial coherence ofthe emitted fields. In this paper, we propose to characterize emitters of anyshape through their natural emitting modes, i.e. a set of coherent modes thatadd up incoherently. The resulting framework is very intuitive since anyemitter is regarded as a multimode antenna with zero correlation between modes.Moreover, for any finite emitter, the modes form a compact set that can betruncated. Each significant mode corresponds to one independent degree offreedom through which the emitter radiates power. The proposed formalism isimplemented using the Method of Moments (MoM) and applied to a lossy sphere anda lossy ellipsoid. It is shown that electrically small structures can becharacterized with a small number of modes, and that this number grows as thestructure becomes electrically large.

Modal characterization of thermal emitters using the Method of Moments