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UAV enabled communications and networking can enhance wireless connectivityand support emerging services. However, this would require system-levelunderstanding to modify and extend the existing terrestrial networkinfrastructure. In this paper, we integrate UAVs both as user equipment andbase stations into existing LTE-Advanced heterogeneous network (HetNet) andprovide system-level insights of this three-tier LTE-Advanced air-ground HetNet(AG-HetNet). This AG-HetNet leverages cell range expansion (CRE), ICIC, 3Dbeamforming, and enhanced support for UAVs. Using system-level understandingand through brute-force technique and heuristics algorithms, we evaluate theperformance of AG-HetNet in terms of fifth percentile spectral efficiency(5pSE) and coverage probability. We compare 5pSE and coverage probability, whenaerial base-stations (UABS) are deployed on a fixed hexagonal grid and whentheir locations are optimized using genetic algorithm (GA) and elitist harmonysearch algorithm based on genetic algorithm (eHSGA). Our simulation resultsshow the heuristic algorithms outperform the brute-force technique and achievebetter peak values of coverage probability and 5pSE. Simulation results alsoshow that trade-off exists between peak values and computation time when usingheuristic algorithms. Furthermore, the three-tier hierarchical structuring ofFeICIC provides considerably better 5pSE and coverage probability than eICIC.

Heuristic Approach for Jointly Optimizing FeICIC and UAV Locations in Multi-Tier LTE-Advanced Public Safety HetNet