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Goal-directed manipulation of representations is a key element of humanflexible behaviour, while consciousness is often related to several aspects ofhigher-order cognition and human flexibility. Currently these two phenomena areonly partially integrated (e.g., see Neurorepresentationalism) and this (a)limits our understanding of neuro-computational processes that lead consciousstates to produce flexible goal-directed behaviours, (b) prevents acomputational formalisation of conscious goal-directed manipulations ofrepresentations occurring in the brain, and (c) inhibits the exploitation ofthis knowledge for modelling and technological purposes. Addressing theseissues, here we extend our `three-component theory of flexible cognition' byproposing the `Goal-Aligning Representations Internal Manipulation' (GARIM)theory of conscious and flexible goal-directed cognition. The central idea ofthe theory is that conscious states support the active manipulation ofgoal-relevant internal representations (e.g., of world states, objects, andaction sequences) to make them more aligned with the pursued goals. This leadsto the generation of the knowledge which is necessary to face novelsituations/goals, thus increasing the flexibility of goal-directed behaviours.The GARIM theory integrates key aspects of the main theories of consciousnessinto the functional neuro-computational framework of goal-directed behaviour.Moreover, it takes into account the subjective sensation of agency thataccompanies conscious goal-directed processes (`GARIM agency'). The proposalhas also implications for experimental studies on consciousness and clinicalaspects of conscious goal-directed behaviour. Finally, the GARIM theory benefittechnological fields such as autonomous robotics and machine learning (e.g.,the manipulation process may describe the operations performed by systems basedon transformers).

A Neurocomputational Account of Flexible Goal-directed Cognition and  Consciousness: The Goal-Aligning Representation Internal Manipulation Theory  (GARIM)