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We identify a realistic model of thermal heat engines and obtain thegeneralized efficiency, $\eta= 1- \left(\frac{T_c}{T_h}\right)^{1/\delta}$,where $\delta=1+\frac{1}{\gamma}$ and $\gamma$ is the ratio of thermal heatcapacities of working substance at two thermal stages of the hot heat reservoirtemperature, $T_h$ and the cold heat reservoir temperature, $T_c$. We find thatthe observed efficiency of practical heat engines satisfy the above generalizedefficiency with $1/\delta=0.35594$ $\pm$ $0.07$. The Curzon-Ahlborn efficiency,$\eta_{CA}=1-\left(\frac{T_c}{T_h}\right)^{1/2}$ is obtained for the symmetriccase, $\gamma=1$. The generalized efficiency approaches the Carnot efficiency,$\eta_C=1-\frac{T_c}{T_h}$, in the asymmetric limit, $\gamma \to \infty$.

Realistic thermal heat engine model and its generalized efficiency