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We developed a model of paraffin wax crystal coarsening that well describesour experimental results and allows behavior of the paraffin films to bepredicted on the basis of the extracted kinetic parameters. Wax crystallinefilms were evaporated on different substrates (silicon wafer, glass slide, thinlayer of gold on silicon), thermally treated at different temperatures, andinvestigated by powder X-ray diffraction, high-resolution scanning electronmicroscopy, and optical confocal imaging of the surfaces. Preferred (110)crystal orientation of all deposited wax films, independently of substratetype, was observed from the start and increased during heat treatment. Thechange in preferred orientation was accompanied by changes in crystalmorphology and shape, resulting in surface nano-roughening. We modeled theprocess as the coarsening of oriented C36H74 crystal islands driven by thedecrease in total surface energy. Coarsening kinetics was controlled bydiffusion of single molecular chains along the substrate. Evolution ofnano-roughness during annealing time was well described by a surface coarseninglaw. Two additional factors influenced the evolution rate: strains accumulatedin wax crystals during deposition, and divergence of initial crystal shape fromthe shape at equilibrium. Both factors lowered activation energy andeffectively shortened coarsening time.

Paraffin Wax Crystal Coarsening: Effects of Strains and Wax Crystal Shape