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We study the endpoint of the first order deconfinement phase transition of 2and 2+1 flavor QCD in the heavy quark region. We perform simulations ofquenched QCD and apply the reweighting method to study the heavy quark region.The quark determinant for the reweighting is evaluated by a hopping parameterexpansion. To reduce the overlap problem, we introduce an external source termof the Polyakov loop in the simulation. We study the location of critical pointat which the first order phase transition changes to crossover by investigatingthe histogram of the Polyakov loop and applying the finite-size scalinganalysis. We estimate the truncation error of the hopping parameter expansion,and discuss the lattice spacing dependence and the spatial volume dependence inthe result of the critical point.

Determination of the endpoint of the first order deconfiniement phase transition in the heavy quark region of QCD