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This paper proposes a novel two-layer Volt/VAR control (VVC) framework toregulate the voltage profiles across an unbalanced active distribution system,which achieves both the efficient open-loop optimization and accurateclosed-loop tracking. In the upper layer, the conventional voltage regulationdevices with discrete and slow-response characteristics are optimally scheduledto regulate voltage profiles in an hourly timescale while improving economicoperations based on the receding horizon optimization (RHO) in a centralizedmanner. A generalized linearized branch flow model (G-LBFM) is developed toincorporate tap changers into branches, which significantly reduces thecomputational complexity compared to the original mixed-integer non-convexcase. In the lower layer, we develop an integral-like control algorithm ratherthan resorting to the droop-based rules for real-time reactive power dispatchof distributed energy resources (DERs) to achieve accurate voltage tracking andmitigate fast voltage fluctuations in a decentralized (purely local) fashion.Further, a sufficient stability condition of the integral rule is presented toguarantee the closed-loop stability. Case studies are carried out on theunbalanced IEEE 123-Node Test Feeder to validate the effectiveness of theproposed method.

Two-Layer Volt/VAR Control in Unbalanced Active Distribution Systems: Efficient Optimization and Accurate Tracking