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Chemisorption process and catalytic activity of CO to CO2 conversion onPdXRu1-X (X : 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 and 1) extended as a benchmark forfurther investigation of very complex nanoparticle (NP) structures have beenchecked into thoroughly by using the synchrotron-based hard X-ray photoelectronspectroscopy (HAXPES). Assessment and diagnostic of core levels and valencebands data highlight valuable information regarding the surface interaction andstructure of PdRu bimetallic nanoparticles (BM-NPs). Core level shift observedfrom the C 1s clearly emphasized that the Pd0.5Ru0.5 NPs which provide thehighest catalytic efficiency (CO oxidation) exhibits a preferential adsorptionof the CO molecule at the top site. Otherwise, our results also display thatremaining NPs exhibit two components assigned to the bridge and hollow COsites. Combination of Pd 3d5/2 and Ru 3p3/2 core levels results points out atransition from alloy structures to core-shell configuration with increasingthe molar ratio of Ru. Valence-band maximum (VBM) demonstrates a positiondependent to the molar composition of Ru. Additionally, by digging into theelectronic structures (shape and width) of each NPs very deeply, we clearlyemphasise the valuable relationship between composition, atomic arrangement,d-band and catalytic properties of bimeatllic PdRu. According to the HAXPESresults, the strong and clear evidence for the enhanced CO to CO2 conversionability of Pd0.5Ru0.5-NP may be assigned to the existence of a most favourablespatial d-band extension and an optimum balance between the core-shell andalloy structures. Electronic and chemical data and interpretations areconsistent with the PdRu catalytic performances. This present prospection givesa new step towards a better knowledge on the catalytic surface interaction ofbinary, ternary and multimetallic NPs with reactants.

Towards an understanding of the chemisorption and catalytic activity of Pd$_{X}$Ru$_{1-X}$ nanoparticles using photoelectron spectroscopy