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Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been considered as a study-item in3GPP for 5G new radio (NR). However, it was decided not to continue with it asa work-item, and to leave it for possible use in beyond 5G. In this paper, wefirst review the discussions that ended in such decision. Particularly, wepresent simulation comparisons between the NOMA and multi-usermultiple-input-multiple-output (MU-MIMO), where the possible gain of NOMA,compared to MU-MIMO, is negligible. Then, we propose a number of methods toreduce the implementation complexity and delay of both uplink (UL) and downlink(DL) NOMA-based transmission, as different ways to improve its efficiency.Here, particular attention is paid to reducing the receiver complexity, thecost of hybrid automatic repeat request as well as the user pairing complexity.As demonstrated, different smart techniques can be applied to improve theenergy efficiency and the end-to-end transmission delay of NOMA-based systems.

A Survey of NOMA: Current Status and Open Research Challenges