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Unlike conventional converters, modular multilevel converter (MMC) has ahigher switching frequency -- which has direct implication on importantparameters like converter loss and reliability -- mainly due to increasednumber of switching components. However, conventional switching techniques,where submodule sorting is just based on capacitor voltage balancing, are notable to achieve switching frequency reduction objective. A novel modulationalgorithm for modular multilevel converters (MMCs) is proposed in this paper toreduce the switching frequency of MMC operation by defining a constrainedmulti-objective optimization model. The optimized switching algorithmincorporates all control objectives required for the proper operation of MMCand adds new constraints to limit the number of submodule switching events ateach time step. Variation of severity of the constraints leads to a desiredlevel of controllability in MMC switching algorithm to trade-off betweencapacitor voltage regulation and switching frequency reduction. Finally,performance of the proposed algorithm is validated against a seven-levelback-to-back MMC-HVDC system under various operating conditions.

A Novel Optimal Modulation Strategy for Modular Multilevel Converter Based HVDC Systems