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This paper proposes a novel switching algorithm for modular multilevelconverters (MMCs) that significantly reduces the switching frequency whilefulfilling all control objectives required for their proper operation. Unlikein the conventional capacitor voltage-balancing strategies, in addition tosubmodule (SM) capacitor voltages, the proposed algorithm considers previousswitching statuses during sorting. The algorithm is applied to a seven-levelback-to-back MMC-HVDC system and tested under various operating conditions.Significant reduction in the switching frequency with trivial impacts onsubmodule capacitor voltages are observed.

Reduced Switching-Frequency Modulation Design for Model Predictive Control Based Modular Multilevel Converters