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Yoke-based permanent magnetic circuits are widely used in Kibble balanceexperiments. In these magnetic systems, the coil current, with positive andnegative signs in two steps of the weighing measurement, can cause anadditional magnetic flux in the circuit and hence a magnetic field change atthe coil position. The magnetic field change due to the coil current andrelated systematic effects have been studied with the assumption that the yokematerial does not contain any magnetic hysteresis. In this paper, we present anexplanation of the magnetic hysteresis error in Kibble balance measurements. Anevaluation technique based on measuring yoke minor hysteresis loops is proposedto estimate the effect. The dependence of the magnetic hysteresis effect andsome possible optimizations for suppressing this effect are discussed.

An Investigation of Magnetic Hysteresis Error in Kibble Balances