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The neural networks of the human visual brain derive representations ofthree-dimensional structure from specific two-dimensional image cues. Neuralmodels backed by psychophysical data predict how local differences in eitherluminance contrast or physical size of local boundaries in 2D images maydetermine the perception of 3D properties. Predictions relative to the role ofcolor in this process do not follow from any of the current models. To furtherclarify the potential contribution of color to perceptual organization, imageconfigurations with multiple surface representations where the relativephysical size of local boundaries between contrast regions was held constantwere submitted to perceptual judgments of relative size and relative depth. Theonly potential cues available in the images were generated by the specificlocal combinations of color and luminance contrast. It is shown that responseprobabilities for subjective depth and subjective size are systematically andconsistently determined by local surface colors and their immediatebackgrounds. There is a statistically significant correlation betweensubjective depth and subjective size, and a color specific effect on bothdependent variables. This effect depends on the polarity of the immediatesurround of the reference surface rather than on local center-surround contrastintensity. It is suggested that the underlying neural mechanisms selectivelyexploit specific color and background cues to enable intrinsically coherentperceptual organization of ambiguous image input.

Correlated Effects of Relative Size and Depth in the Perceptual Organization of Multiple Figure-Ground Configurations