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Uncertainty in renewable energy generation and load consumption is a greatchallenge for microgrid operation, especially in islanded mode as the microgridmay be small in size and has limited flexible resources. In this paper, amulti-timescale, two-stage robust unit commitment and economic dispatch modelis proposed to optimize the microgrid operation. The first stage is acombination of day-ahead hourly and real-time sub-hourly model, which means theday-ahead dispatch result must also satisfy the real-time condition at the sametime. The second stage is to verify the feasibility of the day-ahead dispatchresult in worst-case condition considering high-level uncertainty in renewableenergy dispatch and load consumptions. In the proposed model, battery energystorage system (BESS) and solar PV units are integrated as a combinedsolar-storage system. The BESS plays an essential role to balance the variableoutput of solar PV units, which keeps the combined solar-storage system outputunchanged on an hourly basis. In this way, it largely neutralizes the impact ofsolar uncertainty and makes the microgrid operation grid friendly. Furthermore,in order to enhance the flexibility and resilience of the microgrid, both BESSand thermal units provide regulating reserve to manage solar and loaduncertainty. The model has been tested in a controlled hardware in loop (CHIL)environment for the Bronzeville Community Microgrid system in Chicago. Thesimulation results show that the proposed model works effectively in managingthe uncertainty in solar PV and load and can provide a flexible dispatch inboth grid-connected and islanded modes.

A Multi-timescale Two-stage Robust Grid-friendly Dispatch Model for Microgrid Operation