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Superhydrophobic surfaces with multi-scale topographies offer exceptionallyhigh apparent water contact angles and low contact angle hysteresis by virtueof the small liquid{\textendash}solid contact fractions they enable. Naturalwater-repellent surfaces such as lotus leaves often feature dome-shapedmicro-scale protrusions, whose lack of sharp edges also facilitates smoothdroplet shedding without pinning. Engineered hydrophobic surfaces, however,have not yet fully exploited the merits of protrusions with controlledcurvature. In this work, thermal re-flow of photoresist patterns followed byelastomeric casting was used to fabricate arrays of micro-domes with sizes20{\textendash}50 {\mu}m. These microstructures were coated with a nanoporouszinc oxide film and fluorosilanized to produce hierarchical surfacetopographies with static water contact angles up to 169.7{\pm}0.4{\deg} andcontact angle hysteresis as low as 14.7{\pm}1.3{\deg}. Performance of themicro-dome arrays significantly exceeded that of arrays of sharp-edged squarepillars and flat surfaces coated with the same nanoporous film. The highestperformance came from the smallest micro-domes (20 {\mu}m) and closest spacings(10 {\mu}m) investigated. For larger features, contact angles reduced andhysteresis increased {\textemdash} unexpected trends not explained by contactfraction alone. This simple fabrication technique could be adapted tomanufacture large surfaces for droplet shedding, including in heat transferapplications.

Enhancement of Water Repellence by Hierarchical Surface Structures Integrating Micro-dome and Micro-pillar Arrays with Nanoporous Coatings