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A cross-layer cognitive radio system is designed to support unicast andmulticast traffic with integration of dynamic spectrum access (DSA),backpressure algorithm, and network coding for multi-hop networking. The fullprotocol stack that operates with distributed coordination and localinformation exchange is implemented with software-defined radios (SDRs) andassessed in a realistic test and evaluation (T\&E) system based on a networkemulation testbed. Without a common control channel, each SDR performsneighborhood discovery, spectrum sensing and channel estimation, and executes adistributed extension of backpressure algorithm that optimizes the spectrumutility (that represents link rates and traffic congestion) with joint DSA androuting. The backpressure algorithm is extended to support multicast trafficwith network coding deployed over virtual queues (for multicast destinations).In addition to full rank decoding at destinations, rank deficient decoding isalso considered to reduce the delay. Cognitive network functionalities areprogrammed with GNU Radio and Python modules are developed for differentlayers. USRP radios are used as RF front ends. A wireless network T\&E systemis presented to execute emulation tests, where radios communicate with eachother through a wireless network emulator that controls physical channelsaccording to path loss, fading, and topology effects. Emulation tests arepresented for different topologies to evaluate the throughput, backlog andenergy consumption. Results verify the SDR implementation and the joint effectof DSA, backpressure routing and network coding under realistic channel andradio hardware effects.

Cross-layer Design and SDR Implementation of DSA, Backpressure Routing and Network Coding