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Android's 3X3 graphical pattern lock scheme is one of the widely usedauthentication method on smartphone devices. However, users choose 3X3 patternsfrom a small subspace of all possible 389,112 patterns. The two recentlyproposed interfaces, SysPal by Cho et al. and TinPal by the authors,demonstrate that it is possible to influence users 3X3 pattern choices bymaking small modifications in the existing interface. While SysPal forces usersto include one, two or three system-assigned random dots in their pattern,TinPal employs a highlighting mechanism to inform users about the set ofreachable dots from the current selected dot. Both interfaces improved thesecurity of 3X3 patterns without affecting usability, but no comparison betweenSysPal and TinPal was presented.  To address this gap, we conduct a new user study with 147 participants andcollect patterns on three SysPal interfaces, 1-dot, 2-dot and 3-dot. We alsoconsider original and TinPal patterns collected in our previous user studyinvolving 99 participants. We compare patterns created on five differentinterfaces, original, TinPal, 1-dot, 2-dot and 3-dot using a range of securityand usability metrics including pattern length, stroke length, guessability,recall time and login attempts. Our study results show that participants in theTinPal group created significantly longer and complex patterns thanparticipants in the other four groups. Consequently, the guessing resistance ofTinPal patterns was the highest among all groups. Further, we did not find anysignificant difference in memorability of patterns created in the TinPal groupand the other groups.

Extended- Force vs Nudge : Comparing Users' Pattern Choices on SysPal and TinPal