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Distributed or multi-area optimal power flow appears to be promising in orderto cope with computational burdens in large-scale grids and without theregional system operators losing control over their respective areas. However,algorithms are usually tested either in small test cases or single countries.We present a realistic case study in the interconnected European transmissiongrid with over 5000 buses and 315 GW load. The grid is partitioned into 24areas which correspond to the respective single countries. We use a fullalternating current model and integrate multi-terminal direct current systems.The decomposed problem is solved via a modified Alternating Direction ofMultipliers Method (ADMM), in which the single countries only exchange bordernode information with each neighbor. In terms of generation costs, the solutionof the distributed optimal power flow problem deviates only 0.02% from acentrally computed one. Consensus between all regions is reached before 200iterations, which is remarkable in such a large system.

Distributed AC-DC Optimal Power Flow in the European Transmission Grid with ADMM