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A jet of water entering into a pool of the same liquid can generate airentrainment and form bubbles that rapidly raise to the surface anddisintegrate. Here we report the equivalent phenomenon produced by a plungingdry granular jet, so far unexplored. For grains smaller than a critical size,the granular jet entering into the pool produces air entrainment that leads tobubbles formation. The bubbles formed are covered by a shell of grains attachedto the bubble air-water interface due to capillary-induced cohesion. Incontrast to classical air bubbles, these "granular bubbles" are stable overtime because the granular shell prevents coalescence and keeps the airencapsulated either if the bubbles rise to the surface or sink to the bottom ofthe pool, which is determined by the competition of the buoyant force and theweight of the assembly. Experimentally, we show how the bubble size and volumeof entrained air depend on the grain size, liquid properties and jet impactvelocity.

Air entrainment and granular bubbles produced by an impinging jet of grains into water