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This work presents a partitioned solution procedure to compute shapegradients in fluid-structure interaction (FSI) using black-box adjoint solvers.Special attention is paid to project the gradients onto the undeformedconfiguration. This is due to the mixed Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation oflarge-displacement FSI in this work. Adjoint FSI problem is partitioned as anassembly of well-known adjoint fluid and structural problems, without requiringexpensive cross-derivatives. The sub-adjoint problems are coupled with eachother by augmenting the target functions with auxiliary functions, independentof the concrete choice of the underlying adjoint formulations. The auxiliaryfunctions are linear force-based or displacement-based functionals which arereadily available in well-established single-disciplinary adjoint solvers.Adjoint structural displacements, adjoint fluid displacements, and domain-basedadjoint sensitivities of the fluid are the coupling fields to be exchangedbetween the adjoint solvers. A reduced formulation is also derived for the caseof boundary-based adjoint shape sensitivity analysis for fluids. Numericalstudies show that the complete formulation computes accurate shape gradientswhereas inaccuracies appear in the reduced gradients, specially in regions ofstrong flow gradients and near singularities. Nevertheless, reduced gradientformulations are found to be a compromise between computational costs andaccuracy. Mapping techniques including nearest element interpolation and themortar method are studied in computational adjoint FSI. It is numerically shownthat the mortar method does not introduce spurious oscillations in primal andsensitivity fields along non-matching interfaces, unlike the nearest elementinterpolation.

A partitioned scheme for adjoint shape sensitivity analysis of fluid-structure interactions involving non-matching meshes