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Different to classical theories which emphasize east--west feedback along theequator, data analyses via the extreme-point symmetric mode decomposition(ESMD) method support a new viewpoint that the El Ni\~{n}o--SouthernOscillation (ENSO) cycle is horizontally dependent, rather than verticallydependent. The consistency between the ocean current changes and sea-surfacetemperature anomalies results in a current-generating mechanism for El Ni\~{n}oand La Ni\~{n}a events. The corresponding new findings are as follows: (1) Theappearance of the Central Equatorial Countercurrent (CECC) and the enhancementof the North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) are primary causes for theoccurrences of positive anomalies in the central and eastern Pacific,respectively. (2) In addition to the contribution from the CECC, initiations ofthe eastern and central Pacific types of El Ni\~{n}o events are mainly causedby the southward transport of warm water from the high-temperature sea-area offCentral America, and from the eastern low-speed gap of the NECC, respectively.(3) The northern and southern branches of the South Equatorial Currentcontribute to the negative anomalies in the eastern and central Pacific,respectively. Particularly, the later transfers cold water from the southeastto the central equatorial Pacific in a direct way, and this implies the crackof the ENSO-asymmetry problem.

Current-Generating Mechanism for El Ni\~no & La Ni\~na, an Data Evidence from Integrated ESMD Method