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The dark energy-cold dark matter paradigm ($\Lambda$CDM) has gainedwidespread acceptance because it explains the pattern of anisotropies observedin the cosmic microwave background radiation, the observed distribution oflarge scale inhomogeneities in detectable matter, and the perceived overallexpansion history of the Universe. It is further {\it assumed} that the cosmicdark matter component clusters on the scale of bound astronomical systems andthereby accounts for the observed difference between the directly detectable(baryonic) mass and the total Newtonian dynamical mass. In this respect theparadigm fails; it is falsified by the existence of a simple algorithm,modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND), which explains, not only general scalingrelations for astronomical systems, but quite precisely predicts the effectivegravitational acceleration in such objects from the observed distribution ofdetectable baryonic matter -- all of this with one additional universalparameter having units of acceleration. On this sub-Hubble scale, the darkmatter hypothesis is essentially reactive, while MOND is successfullypredictive.

Dark matter -- Modified dynamics: Reaction vs. Prediction