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SPEculative Execution side Channel Hardware (SPEECH) Vulnerabilities haveenabled the notorious Meltdown, Spectre, and L1 terminal fault (L1TF) attacks.While a number of studies have reported different variants of SPEECHvulnerabilities, they are still not well understood. This is primarily due tothe lack of information about microprocessor implementation details that impactthe timing and order of various micro-architectural events. Moreover, to date,there is no systematic approach to quantitatively measure SPEECHvulnerabilities on commodity processors. This paper introduces SPEECHMINER, asoftware framework for exploring and measuring SPEECH vulnerabilities in anautomated manner. SPEECHMINER empirically establishes the link between a noveltwo-phase fault handling model and the exploitability and speculation windowsof SPEECH vulnerabilities. It enables testing of a comprehensive list ofexception-triggering instructions under the same software framework, whichleverages covert-channel techniques and differential tests to gain visibilityinto the micro-architectural state changes. We evaluated SPEECHMINER on 9different processor types, examined 21 potential vulnerability variants,confirmed various known attacks, and identified several new variants.

SPEECHMINER: A Framework for Investigating and Measuring Speculative Execution Vulnerabilities