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A practical problem-solving framework is proposed for multi-stakeholderinitiative (MSI) problem-solving processes involving socio-ecological systems(SES), so-called wicked problems, based on insights borrowed from a model ofthe individual human, cognitive problem-solving process. The disciplinedfacilitation of the multi-stakeholder process, adhering to the steps recognizedin the individual process, is meant to reduce confusion and conflict. Obtaininga one- to three-sentence human-language description of the desired systemstate, as a first step, is proposed in multi-stakeholder initiatives forreasons of goal congruence and trust building. The systematic,stakeholder-driven subdivision of obstacles into larger numbers of simplerobstacles is proposed in order to obtain a list of "what needs to be done,"inviting a more rational and goal-driven conversation with resource providers.Finally, obtaining and maintaining stakeholder buy-in over the course of theproblem-solving effort is reinforced by reflecting back to all stakeholders, asa communication device, a dynamic, visual problem-solving model, taking intoaccount the diversity of cognitive and individual capacities within thestakeholder group in its presentation. Mathematical parameters for gaugingapplicability of the proposed framework are discussed.

A Proposed Practical Problem-Solving Framework for Multi-Stakeholder  Initiatives in Socio-Ecological Systems Based on a Model of the Human  Cognitive Problem-Solving Process