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The goal of immunotherapy is to enhance the ability of the immune system tokill cancer cells. Immunotherapy is more effective and, in general, theprognosis is better, when more immune cells infiltrate the tumor. We explorethe question of whether the spatial distribution rather than just the densityof immune cells in the tumor is important in forecasting whether cancer recurs.After reviewing previous work on this issue, we introduce a novel applicationof maximum entropy to quantify the spatial distribution of discrete point-likeobjects. We apply our approach to B and T cells in images of tumor tissue takenfrom triple negative breast cancer (TBNC) patients. We find that there is adistinct difference in the spatial distribution of immune cells between goodclinical outcome (no recurrence of cancer within at least 5 years of diagnosis)and poor clinical outcome (recurrence within 3 years of diagnosis). Our resultshighlight the importance of spatial distribution of immune cells within tumorswith regard to clinical outcome, and raise new questions on their role incancer recurrence.

Physics Approaches to the Spatial Distribution of Immune Cells in Tumors