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Previous research works have endorsed the use of delays and clock skews fordetecting intrusions or fingerprinting ECUs on the CAN bus. Similar techniqueshave been also proposed for establishing a time-covert cryptographicauthentication channel, in this way cleverly removing the need forcryptographic material inside the limited payload of CAN frames. The mainshortcoming of such works is the limited security level that can be achievedunder normal CAN-bus traffic. In this work we endeavour to test the limits ofthe achievable security level by relying on optimization algorithms forscheduling CAN frames. Under practical bus allocations that are based onreal-world scenarios, we are able to extract around 4--5 bits of authenticationdata from each frame which leads to an efficient intrusion detection andauthentication mechanism. By accumulating covert channel data over severalconsecutive frames, we can achieve higher security levels that are in line withcurrent security demands. To prove the correctness of our approach, we presentexperiments on state-of-the-art automotive-grade controllers (Infineon Aurix)and bus measurements with the use of industry standard tools, i.e., CANoe.

CANTO -- Covert AutheNtication with Timing channels over Optimized traffic flows for CAN