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Adiabatic and inviscid axisymmetric perturbations to a stable referencevortex in gradient wind balance are known to experience two kinds of restoringforces: one that is proportional to both the perturbation density and thereference pressure gradient, and one that is purely radial and proportional tothe squared angular momentum perturbation. We show that the work required tomove a fluid parcel against such forces from its equilibrium to actual positionis path-independent and formally equivalent to the available energy accountingfor momentum constraints previously constructed by Andrews (2006) and Codobanand Shepherd (2006). Physically, this work represents the energy of theunbalanced part of the vortex and hence a form of eddy energy. It can bepartitioned into available acoustic energy, slantwise available potentialenergy and centrifugal potential energy. We show that the conditions requiredfor these energies to be positive definite correspond to the classicalconditions for symmetric stability, valid for both small and finite-amplitudeperturbations. The new available energy framework possesses variousadvantageous features over previous approaches that shed new light on how thethermodynamic and mechanical sinks/sources of energy control theintensification of the balanced and unbalanced parts of a warm core cyclonicvortex. These features should prove useful in the future to re-examine andclarify the links between the different existing paradigms of tropical cyclone(TC) intensification within a single unifying theoretical framework.

The generalised buoyancy/inertial forces and available energy of axisymmetric compressible stratified vortex motions