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Magneto-Inertial Fusion Technology Inc. has been working on a Z-pinch conceptwhere a high atomic number liner is compressing a fusion fuel(deuterium-deuterium, or deuterium-tritium) target. The viability of this socalled Staged Z-pinch (SZP) concept as a potential high-gain fusion energysource has been questioned in a recent publication by Lindemuth et al [1]. Theauthors attempted to reproduce previously published MACH2 simulation results[2-4] for Z-machine parameters using three different MHD codes: Hydra, Ravenand MHRDR. Their conclusion was that "there is no conceivable modification ofthe parameters that would lead to high-gain fusion conditions using these othercodes". Although they used well established MHD codes to check the SZP concept,and correct input current profiles, we show that their Lagrangian formalism waslikely not treating the vacuum/liner boundary properly. Proper modeling usingLagrangian, Eulerian or Adaptive Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) formalism indeedconfirms that fusion energy production > 1 MJ can be expected without alphaheating, and significantly higher if alpha heating is included. It is shownthat magnetosonic shocks play an important role in preheating the target plasmaand in piling liner mass at the liner/target interface, which substantiallyincreases the ram pressure just before the pinch stagnation time.

The staged Z-pinch as a potential high-gain fusion energy source: Rebuttal to I. R. Lindemuth et al