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In this paper, we rethink how an OS supports virtual memory. Classical VM isan opaque abstraction of RAM, backed by demand paging. However, most systemstoday (from phones to data-centers) do not page, and indeed may require theperformance benefits of non-paged physical memory, precise NUMA allocation,etc. Moreover, MMU hardware is now useful for other purposes, such as detectingpage access or providing large page translation. Accordingly, the venerable VMabstraction in OSes like Windows and Linux has acquired a plethora of extraAPIs to poke at the policy behind the illusion of a virtual address space.  Instead, we present Cichlid, a memory system which inverts this model.Applications explicitly manage their physical RAM of different types, anddirectly (though safely) program the translation hardware. Cichlid isimplemented in Barrelfish, requires no virtualization support, and outperformsVMM-based approaches for all but the smallest working sets. We show thatCichlid enables use-cases for virtual memory not possible in Linux today, andother use-cases are simple to program and significantly faster.

Cichlid: Explicit physical memory management for large machines