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Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication plays a pivotal role in intelligenttransport systems (ITS) with cellular-vehicle to everything (C-V2X) and IEEE802.11p being the two competing enabling technologies. This paper presentsmulti-dimensional discrete-time Markov chain (DTMC) based models to study themedium access control (MAC) layer performance of the IEEE 802.11p standard andC-V2X Mode 4. These models are coupled with an appropriate DTMC based queuingmodel, and traffic generators for periodic cooperative awareness messages(CAMs) and event-driven decentralized environmental notification messages(DENMs). Closed-form solutions for the steady-state probabilities of the modelsare obtained, which are then utilized to derive expressions for several keyperformance metrics. An application for a highway scenario is presented toprovide numerical results and to draw insights on the performance. Inparticular, a performance comparison between IEEE 802.11p and C-V2X Mode 4 interms of the average delay, the collision probability, and the channelutilization is presented. The results show that IEEE 802.11p is superior interms of average delay, whereas C-V2X Mode 4 excels in collision resolution.The paper also includes design insights on possible future MAC layerperformance enhancements of both standards.

A Discrete-Time Markov Chain Based Comparison of the MAC Layer Performance of C-V2X Mode 4 and IEEE 802.11p