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The canonical bacteriophage is obligately lytic: the virus infects abacterium and hijacks cell functions to produce large numbers of new viruseswhich burst from the cell. These viruses are well-studied, but there exist awide range of coexisting virus lifestyles that are less understood. Temperateviruses exhibit both a lytic cycle and a latent (lysogenic) cycle, in whichviral genomes are integrated into the bacterial host. Meanwhile, chronic(persistent) viruses use cell functions to produce more viruses without killingthe cell; chronic viruses may also exhibit a latent stage in addition to theproductive stage. Here, we study the ecology of these competing viralstrategies. We demonstrate the conditions under which each strategy isdominant, which aids in control of human bacterial infections using viruses. Wefind that low lysogen frequencies provide competitive advantages for both virustypes; however, chronic viruses maximize steady state density by eliminatinglysogeny entirely, while temperate viruses exhibit a non-zero `sweet spot'lysogen frequency. Viral steady state density maximization leads to coexistenceof temperate and chronic viruses, explaining the presence of multiple viralstrategies in natural environments.

Temperate and chronic virus competition leads to low lysogen frequency