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Backscatter communication which enables wireless-powered backscatter devices(BDs) to transmit information by reflecting incident signals, is an energy- andcost-efficient communication technology for Internet-of-Things. This paperconsiders an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted backscatter communicationnetwork (UBCN) consisting of multiple BDs and carrier emitters (CEs) on theground as well as a UAV. A communicate-while-fly scheme is first designed, inwhich the BDs illuminated by their associated CEs transmit information to theflying UAV in a time-division-multiple-access manner. Considering the criticalissue of the UAV's limited on-board energy and the CEs' transmission energy, wemaximize the energy efficiency (EE) of the UBCN by jointly optimizing the UAV'strajectory, the BDs' scheduling, and the CEs' transmission power, subject tothe BDs' throughput constraints and harvested energy constraints, as well asother practical constraints. Furthermore, we propose an iterative algorithmbased on the block coordinated decent method to solve the formulatedmixed-integer non-convex problem, in each iteration of which the variables arealternatively optimized by leveraging the cutting-plane technique, theDinkelbach's method and the successive convex approximation technique. Also,the convergence and complexity of the proposed algorithm are analyzed. Finally,simulation results show that the proposed communicate-while-fly scheme achievessignificant EE gains compared with the benchmark hover-and-fly scheme. Usefulinsights on the optimal trajectory design and resource allocation are alsoobtained.

Energy-Efficient UAV Backscatter Communication with Joint Trajectory Design and Resource Optimization