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Network neuroscience represents the brain as a collection of regions andinter-regional connections. Given its ability to formalize systems-levelmodels, network neuroscience has generated unique explanations of neuralfunction and behavior. The mechanistic status of these explanations and howthey can contribute to and fit within the field of neuroscience as a whole hasreceived careful treatment from philosophers. However, these philosophicalcontributions have not yet reached many neuroscientists. Here we complementformal philosophical efforts by providing an applied perspective from and forneuroscientists. We discuss the mechanistic status of the explanations offeredby network neuroscience and how they contribute to, enhance, and interdigitatewith other types of explanations in neuroscience. In doing so, we rely onphilosophical work concerning the role of causality, scale, and mechanisms inscientific explanations. In particular, we make the distinction between anexplanation and the evidence supporting that explanation, and we argue for ascale-free nature of mechanistic explanations. In the course of thesediscussions, we hope to provide a useful applied framework in which networkneuroscience explanations can be exercised across scales and combined withother fields of neuroscience to gain deeper insights into the brain andbehavior.

On the nature of explanations offered by network science: A perspective from and for practicing neuroscientists