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Some endoscopic surgeries require a surgeon to hold the endoscope with onehand and the surgical instruments with the other hand to perform the actualsurgery with correct vision. Recent technical advances in deep learning as wellas in robotics can introduce robotics to these endoscopic surgeries. This canhave numerous advantages by freeing one hand of the surgeon, which will allowthe surgeon to use both hands and to use more intricate and sophisticatedtechniques. Recently, deep learning with convolutional neural network achievesstate-of-the-art results in computer vision. Therefore, the aim of this studyis to automatically detect the tip of the instrument, localize a point, andevaluate detection accuracy in biportal endoscopic spine surgery. The localizedpoint could be used for the controller's inputs of robotic endoscopy in thesetypes of endoscopic surgeries.

Automatic Tip Detection of Surgical Instruments in Biportal Endoscopic Spine Surgery