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Microalgae have been shown as a potential bioresource for food, biofuel, andpharmaceutical products. During the growth phases with correspondingenvironmental conditions, microalgae accumulate different amounts of variousmetabolites. We quantified the lipid accumulation and analyzed swimmingsignatures (speed and trajectories) of the motile green alga, Dunaliellaprimolecta, during the lag-exponential-stationary growth cycle at differentnutrient concentrations. We discovered significant changes in neutral lipidcontent and swimming signatures of microalgae across growth phases. The timingof the maximum swimming speed coincided with the maximum lipid content and bothmaxima occurred under nutrient stress at the stationary growth phase.Furthermore, the swimming trajectories of microalgae signal the growth phaseand corresponding intracellular lipid accumulation. Our results provide thepotential exploitation of microalgal swimming signatures as indicators for thecultivation conditions and the timing of microalgal harvest to maximize thelipid yield for biofuel production. The findings can also be implemented toexplore the production of food and antibiotics from other microalgalmetabolites with low energy cost.

Microalgal swimming signatures as indicators of neutral lipids production across growth phases