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Hazardous tsunamis are known to be generated predominantly at subductionzones. However, the 2018 Mw 7.5 Sulawesi (Indonesia) earthquake on astrike-slip fault generated a tsunami that devastated the city of Palu. Themechanism by which this tsunami originated from such an earthquake has beendebated. Here we present near-field ground motion (GPS) data confirming thatthe earthquake attained supershear speed, i.e., a rupture speed greater thanthe shear wave speed of the host medium. We study the effect of this supershearrupture on tsunami generation by coupling the ground motion to aone-dimensional nonlinear shallow-water wave model accounting for bothtime-dependent bathymetric displacement and velocity. With the localbathymetric profile of Palu bay around a tidal station, our simulationsreproduce the tsunami arrival and motions observed by CCTV cameras. We concludethat Mach (shock) fronts, generated by the supershear speed, interacted withthe bathymetry and contributed to the tsunami.

Supershear shock front contribution to the tsunami from the 2018 $\mathbf M_{\mathbf w}$ 7.5 Palu, Indonesia earthquake