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Recent Brain-Machine Interfaces have shifted towards miniature devices thatare constructed from nanoscale components. While these devices can be implantedinto the brain, their functionalities can be limited, and will requirecommunication and networking to enable cooperation. One form of communicationfor neuron stimulation is the use of light. A number of considerations needs tobe taken into account for the propagation and this includes diffraction,scattering, absorption, as well as attenuation. These properties are not onlyaffected by the medium, but also by the cell's geometric shape. These factoraffects both the direction and amplitude of the light wave. This paper analyzesthe propagation path loss and geometrical gain, channel impulse and frequencyresponse for light propagation along the neural tissue. The total attenuationdepends on the propagation medium loss and geometrical gain, and the channelresponse is highly dependent on the quantity of cells along the path.Additionally, the optical properties of the medium also impacts on the timedelay at the receiver and the width the location of the detectors. Based on thenumerical analysis, spherical cells attenuate approximately 20% of thetransmitted power, which is less than the fusiform and pyramidal cells (35% and65%, respectively).

Channel Impulse Analysis of Light Propagation for Point-to-point Nano Communications through Cortical Neurons