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Lithium metal batteries (LMB) are vital devices for high-energy-densityenergy storage, but Li metal anode is highly reactive with electrolyte andforms uncontrolled dendrite that can cause undesirable parasitic reactions thuspoor cycling stability and raise safety concerns. Despite remarkable progressmade to partly solve these issues, the Li metal still plate at theelectrode/electrolyte interface where the parasitic reactions and dendriteformation invariably occur. Here we demonstrate the inward-growth plating of Liinto a metal foil while avoiding surface deposition, which is driven by thereversible solid-solution based alloy phase change. Lithiation of the solidsolution alloy phase facilitates the freshly generated Li atoms at the surfaceto sink into the foil, while the reversible alloy phase change is companied bythe dealloying reaction during delithiation, which extracts Li atoms frominside of the foil. The yielded dendrite free Li anode produces an enhancedCoulombic efficiency of 99.5 plus or minus 0.2% with a reversible capacity of1660 mA h $g^{-1}$ (3.3 mA h cm$^{-2}$).

Inward-growth plating of lithium driven by solid-solution based alloy phase for highly reversible lithium metal anode