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When a relativistic intensity laser interacts with the surface of a soliddensity target, suprathermal electron currents are subject to Weibelinstability filamentation when propagating through the thermal population ofthe bulk target. We present time resolved shadowgraphy of radial ionizationfront expansion and Weibel instability filamentation within a thin, sub-micron,sheet initiated by irradiation with a short pulse, high intensity laser. Hightemporal (100 fs) and spatial (1 $\mu$m) resolution shadowgraphy of theinteraction reveals a relativistic expansion of the ionization front within a120 $\mu$m diameter region surrounding the laser-target interaction,corroborated by simulations to expand at $0.77c$, where $c$ is the speed oflight. Filamentation within the patch persists for several picoseconds andseeds the eventual recombination and heating dynamics on the nanosecondtimescale. Particle-in-cell simulations were conducted to elucidate theelectron dynamics leading to the radial expansion of the critical surface.Computational results report the ionization expansion is due to fieldionization of the expanding hot electron population. Filamentation within theexpansion is due to the Weibel instability which is supported by the magneticfields present.

Experimental observation and computational modeling of radial Weibel instability in high intensity laser-plasma interactions