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The miniaturization of electronic and mechanical components has allowed foran unprecedented downscaling of spacecraft size and mass. Today, spacecraftwith a mass between 1 to 10 grams, AttoSats, have been developed and operatedin space. Due to their small size, they introduce a new paradigm in spacecraftdesign, relying on agile development, rapid iterations, and massive redundancy.However, no systematic survey of the potential advantages and unique missionconcepts based on AttoSats exists. This paper explores the potential ofAttoSats for future space missions. First, we present the state of the art ofAttoSats. Next, we identify unique AttoSat characteristics and map them tofuture mission capabilities. Finally, we go beyond AttoSats and explore howsmart dust and nano-scale spacecraft could allow for even smaller spacecraft inthe milligram range: zepto- and yocto spacecraft.

AttoSats: ChipSats, other Gram-Scale Spacecraft, and Beyond