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Purpose: To assess the utility of Laplacian fitting to describe thedifferences in hyperpolarized 13C urea T2 relaxation in ischemic and healthyrodent kidneys. Theory and Methods: Six rats with unilateral renal ischemiawere investigated. 13C urea T2 mapping was undertaken with a radial fast spinecho method, with subsequent post-processing performed with regularisedLaplacian fitting. Results: Simulations showed that Laplacian fitting wasstable down to a signal to noise ratio of 20. In vivo results showed asignificant increase in the mono- and decrease in bi-exponential pools in IRIkidneys, in comparison to healthy (14+-10% vs 4+-2%, 85+-10% vs 95+-3%,p<0.05). Conclusion: We demonstrate, for the first time, the differences inmulti-exponential behaviour of 13C,15N2-urea between the healthy and ischemicrodent kidney. The distribution of relaxation pools were found to be bothvisually and numerically significantly different. The ability to improve theinformation level in hyperpolarized MR, by utilizing the relaxation contrastmechanisms is an appealing option, that can easily be adopted in large animalsand even in clinical studies in the near future.

The detection of acute kidney injury with hyperpolarized 13C Urea and multi-exponential fitting