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Driven by the emerging use cases in massive access future networks, there isa need for technological advancements and evolutions for wirelesscommunications beyond the fifth-generation (5G) networks. In particular, weenvisage the upcoming sixth-generation (6G) networks to consist of numerousdevices demanding extremely high-performance interconnections even understrenuous scenarios such as diverse mobility, extreme density, and dynamicenvironment. To cater for such a demand, investigation on flexible andsustainable radio access network (RAN) techniques capable of supporting highlydiverse requirements and massive connectivity is of utmost importance. To thisend, this paper first outlines the key driving applications for 6G, includingsmart city and factory, which trigger the transformation of existing RANtechniques. We then examine and provide in-depth discussions on severalcritical performance requirements (i.e., the level of flexibility, the supportfor massive interconnectivity, and energy efficiency), issues, enablingtechnologies, and challenges in designing 6G massive RANs. We conclude thearticle by providing several artificial-intelligence-based approaches toovercome future challenges.

6G Massive Radio Access Networks: Key Issues, Technologies, and Future Challenges