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The Internet-of-Things is emerging as a vast inter-connected space of devicesand things surrounding people, many of which are increasingly capable ofautonomous action, from automatically sending data to cloud servers foranalysis, changing the behaviour of smart objects, to changing the physicalenvironment. A wide range of ethical concerns has arisen in their usage anddevelopment in recent years. Such concerns are exacerbated by the increasingautonomy given to connected things. This paper reviews, via examples, thelandscape of ethical issues, and some recent approaches to address theseissues, concerning connected things behaving autonomously, as part of theInternet-of-Things. We consider ethical issues in relation to device operationsand accompanying algorithms. Examples of concerns include unsecured consumerdevices, data collection with health related Internet-of-Things, hackablevehicles and behaviour of autonomous vehicles in dilemma situations,accountability with Internet-of-Things systems, algorithmic bias, uncontrolledcooperation among things, and automation affecting user choice and control.Current ideas towards addressing a range of ethical concerns are reviewed andcompared, including programming ethical behaviour, whitebox algorithms,blackbox validation, algorithmic social contracts, enveloping IoT systems, andguidelines and code of ethics for IoT developers - a suggestion from theanalysis is that a multi-pronged approach could be useful, based on the contextof operation and deployment.

Achieving Ethical Algorithmic Behaviour in the Internet-of-Things: a Review