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We emphasize the importance of applying power counting to the small-$x$observables, which introduces novel soft contributions usually missing andallows for a unified treatment of the Balitsky-Kovchegov (BK) evolution andvarious Sudakov logarithms. We use $pA \to h(p_{h\perp})X$ at forward rapidityto highlight how the power counting yields a partonic cross section withcollinear and soft sectors. We show how the kinematic constraints can beobtained in the soft sector without violating the power counting. We furthershow how one can resum the threshold Sudakov logarithms systematically to allorders in a re-factorized framework with additional collinear-softcontributions. Direct applications to other small-$x$ processes involving heavyparticles, jet (sub-)observables and EIC physics are straightforward.

Power Counting the Small-$x$ Observables