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This paper proposes a control method for battery energy storage systems(BESSs) to provide concurrent primary frequency and local voltage regulationservices. The actual variable active and reactive power capability of theconverter, along with the state-of-charge of the BESS, are jointly consideredby the optimal operating point calculation process within the real-timeoperation. The controller optimizes the provision of grid services, consideringthe measured grid and battery statuses and predicting the battery DC voltage asa function of the current trajectory using a three-time-constant model (TTC). Acomputationally-efficient algorithm is proposed to solve the formulated optimalcontrol problem. Experimental tests validate the proposed concepts and show theeffectiveness of the employed control framework on a commercial utility-scale720 kVA/560 kWh BESS.

Optimal Provision of Concurrent Primary Frequency and Local Voltage  Control from a BESS Considering Variable Capability Curves: Modelling and  Experimental Assessment