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This paper presents an experiment to assess the feasibility of usingsecondary input data as a method of determining user engagement in immersivevirtual reality (VR). The work investigates whether secondary data (biosignals)acquired from users are useful as a method of detecting levels ofconcentration, stress, relaxation etc. in immersive environments, and if theycould be used to create an affective feedback loop in immersive VRenvironments, including educational contexts. A VR Experience was developed inthe Unity game engine, with three different levels, each designed to expose theuser in one of three different states (relaxation, concentration, stress).While in the VR Experience users physiological responses were measured usingECG and EEG sensors. After the experience users completed questionnaires toestablish their perceived state during the levels, and to established theusability of the system. Next a comparison between the reported levels ofemotion and the measured signals is presented, which show a strongcorrespondence between the two measures indicating that biosignals are a usefulindicator of emotional state while in VR. Finally we make some recommendationson the practicalities of using biosensors, and design considerations for theirincorporation in to a VR system, with particular focus on their integration into task-based training and educational virtual environments.

Secondary Inputs for Measuring User Engagement in Immersive VR Education Environments