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Agrivoltaics is an innovative approach in which solar photovoltaic (PV)energy generation is collocated with agricultural production to enablefood-energy-water synergies and landscape ecological conservation. Thisdual-use requirement leads to unique co-optimization challenges (e.g. shading,soiling, spacing) that make module technology and farm topology choicesdistinctly different from traditional solar farms. Here we compare theperformance of the traditional optimally-titled North/South (N/S) facedmonofacial farms with a potential alternative based on vertical East/West(E/W)-faced bifacial farms. Remarkably, the vertical farm produces essentiallythe same energy output and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) comparedto traditional farms as long as the PV array density is reduced to half orlower relative to that for the standard ground-mounted PV farms. Our resultsexplain the relative merits of the traditional mono facial vs. verticalbifacial farms as a function of array density, acceptable PAR-deficit, andenergy production. The combined PAR/Energy yields for the vertical bifacialfarm may not always be superior, it could still be an attractive choice foragrivoltaics due to its distinct advantages such as minimum land coverage,least hindrance to the farm machinery and rainfall, inherent resilience to PVsoiling, easier cleaning and cost advantages due to potentially reducedelevation.

Module Technology for Agrivoltaics: Vertical Bifacial vs. Tilted Monofacial Farms