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Modeling of a dense spray regime using an Euler-Lagrange approach ischallenging because of local high volume loading. A cluster of droplets, thatare assumed subgrid, can lead to locally low void fractions for the fluidphase. Under these conditions, spatio-temporal changes in the fluid volumefractions should be considered in an Euler-Lagrange, two-way coupling model.This leads to zero-Mach number, variable density governing equations. Usingpressure-based solvers, this gives rise to a source term in the pressurePoisson equation and a non-divergence free velocity field. To test the validityand predictive capability of such an approach, a round jet laden with particlesis investigated using Direct Numerical Simulation coupled with point-Particlebased model and compared with available experimental data for a particulateturbulent round jet with $Re_j=5712$. Standard force closures including drag,lift, Magnus effect, pressure, added mass as well as viscous torque acting oneach individual particle are employed in the Point-Particle based model. Inaddition, volume displacement effects due to the presence of solid particles orliquid droplets, which is commonly neglected in the standard two-way coupling,are taken into account in both continuity and inter-phase momentum transfer toaccurately capture the underlying structure of particle-turbulenceinteractions. Prediction results are in well agreement with the correspondingexperiment.

Modeling the Dense Spray Regime Using an Euler-Lagrange Approach With Volumetric Displacement Effects