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This research employs the Bayesian network modeling approach, and the Markovchain Monte Carlo technique, to learn about the role of lies and violence inteachings of major religions, using a unique dataset extracted fromlong-standing Vietnamese folktales. The results indicate that, although lyingand violent acts augur negative consequences for those who commit them, theirassociations with core religious values diverge in the final outcome for thefolktale characters. Lying that serves a religious mission of eitherConfucianism or Taoism (but not Buddhism) brings a positive outcome to acharacter (\b{eta}T_and_Lie_O= 2.23; \b{eta}C_and_Lie_O= 1.47;\b{eta}T_and_Lie_O= 2.23). A violent act committed to serving Buddhist missionsresults in a happy ending for the committer (\b{eta}B_and_Viol_O= 2.55). Whatis highlighted here is a glaring double standard in the interpretation andpractice of the three teachings: the very virtuous outcomes being preached,whether that be compassion and meditation in Buddhism, societal order inConfucianism, or natural harmony in Taoism, appear to accommodate two universalvices-violence in Buddhism and lying in the latter two. These findingscontribute to a host of studies aimed at making sense of contradictory humanbehaviors, adding the role of religious teachings in addition to cognition inbelief maintenance and motivated reasoning in discounting counterargument.

On how religions could accidentally incite lies and violence: Folktales as a cultural transmitter